Leo XIV, first American pope, studied under a leader in Jewish-Catholic relations

JTA – Cardinal Robert Prevost, who was just elected Pope Leo XIV, studied under a pioneer in Jewish-Catholic relations when he attended seminary in Chicago.

The Reverend John Pawlikowski, who taught for nearly half a century at the Catholic Theological Union (CTU) until his retirement in 2017, served as co-founder and director of the school’s Catholic-Jewish studies programme, and also served four terms on the board of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

More than 40 years after Leo’s ordination as a priest, Pawlikowski remembers the new pope as a good student with an open mind.

“I do remember him as a pretty bright student,” Pawlikowski said in an interview shortly after his former student was introduced to the world as the sitting bishop of Rome.

Pawlikowski added later, “My experience of him was he’s a very open-minded person who’s very much in the context of Vatican II.”

Vatican II, or the Second Vatican Council, inaugurated a new era in Jewish-Catholic relations in 1965 when it issued a document, Nostra Aetate, repudiating antisemitism and stating that the Jewish people weren’t responsible for Jesus’s death. Ties between the two religious communities were blossoming at the time when Leo was studying for the priesthood in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Under Pawlikowski, Leo studied Catholic social teaching, which focuses on social and economic issues. Pawlikowski says relations with Jews are relevant to that field. CTU has also had a commitment to Catholic-Jewish relations since its founding, and launched its formal programme in the field in 1968.

“’I’ve always argued that antisemitism is something that has to be counted as part of the Catholic commitment to social justice and human dignity,” he said. “My work on Catholic social teaching did include the issue of antisemitism.”

The pope spent much of his career in Peru, and is thought of as a relative centrist and Vatican insider. He hasn’t been a prominent figure in Jewish-Catholic dialogue or fighting antisemitism and doesn’t appear to have commented publicly on Israel or the war in Gaza. Pope Francis, his predecessor, did opine on those issues and had relations with Jewish leaders in his native Argentina.

But Leo’s coming of age in the era of Vatican II plus his roots in Chicago, which has a large Jewish community, has also lead Rabbi Noam Marans, the American Jewish Committee’s director of interreligious and intergroup relations, to feel optimistic.

“He studied at CTU under John Pawlikowski and in the post-Nostra Aetate era, in the country where Catholic-Jewish relations is preeminent,” Marans said in an interview. “An American pope bodes well for the future of Catholic-Jewish relations. More than anywhere in the world, the relationship between Catholics and Jews has flourished and set a gold standard in the United States.”

Though Francis was outspoken in his opposition to antisemitism and his promotion of ties with Jews, he raised the ire of some Jewish leaders in recent years for his criticism of Israel’s war against Hamas in Gaza. One of his last acts as pope was to donate his popemobile to Gaza as a mobile medical unit.

Pawlikowski said he believed “there’s a desire to carry on” with Catholic-Jewish relations, though he added, “the situation in Israel and Gaza has had a dramatic effect”.

Will his former student begin a new chapter in Catholic-Jewish ties? Pawlikowski said it was too soon to tell, given that Leo hasn’t thus far focused on the issue.

“He hasn’t really been stationed in any area where there was a really pronounced Jewish community,” he said. “On the question of interreligious [affairs], he’ll have to show us where he is, but I would assume he had an outgoing, positive attitude generally.”

In his first address as pope, Leo issued a call to dialogue.

“Help us as well, help one another, to build bridges through dialogue, through encounter, uniting everyone to be one single people always in peace,” he said.

Rabbi Joshua Stanton, the associate vice-president for interfaith and intergroup initiatives at the Jewish Federations of North America, saw his words as a sign that the pope is committed to Catholic-Jewish relations. He noted that this year is Nostra Aetate’s 60th anniversary, which he hopes Leo commemorates in an active way.

“I’m hopeful that he referenced the importance of dialogue and reaching out beyond the Catholic Church to other religious communities,” Stanton said. Stanton noted that Leo has a reputation for “quiet efficacy”, and as he settles into his position, Stanton said would be looking at how the pontiff acts.

“Does he invite Jewish leaders to the Vatican to meet him?” he asked. “Does he invite leaders from other traditions? Does he try to bring multiple groups together at the same time?”

The focus of Leo’s address on Thursday, 8 May, was peace. With war raging in Gaza, Marans didn’t take that as a specific reference to the Middle East.

“All popes want peace,” he said. “May I add, all Catholics, Jews, rabbis want peace.”